The World Flag Chart

◀︎ Flags of 1861 ▶︎

Middle East and Africa


red, white crescent and star
Turkey
red, white disc, red crescent and star
Tunis
red, three white crescents-and-stars
Egypt
red, yellow crescent, 8-pointed yellow star
Jebel Shammar
green, white crescent
Nejd
green, three white crescents
Tripoli 11 The most commonly reported flag from the period. Flags with green, white and red stripes also seem to have been used. Probably flown exclusively on ships. The Turkish flag was the official national flag.
plain red
Morocco 22 Flown over the palace in Rabat and on ships. Military flags on land were often dectorated with a yellow or green octagram.
plain red
Muscat and Oman · Zanzibar · Bahrain 33 Arab monarchies, especially those in and around the Gulf, flew plain red flags from their ships. These weren't quite "national flags" in the modern sense, but European powers tended to view them that way.
red, thick white outline
Ras al-Khaimah · Sharjah 44 Officially all of the Trucial States were supposed to fly a square red flag with a thick white border. In practice this flag became exclusively associated with the Al Qasimi dynasty. The other states mostly flew plain red flags.
white-red
Madagascar
white, yellow lion and sun
Persia
white, cedar tree
Mount Lebanon
white pennant, green inscription
Futa Jallon
plain green
Sokoto Caliphate
green flag of Islam 55 Flown by exclusively by the sultan as a symbol of religious authority. Not really a "national flag" as we'd understand it in modern terms. The sultan also gave white flags to his vassal emirs within the Caliphate.
7 white-orange stripes, Dutch flag
Orange Free State
red-white-blue, green stripe
South African Republic (Transvaal)
11 red-white stripes, blue canton, white star
Liberia

Western Europe


blue-white-red
France
green-white-red, coat of arms
Italy
national flag 66 Flown by private citizens and merchant ships. The "Italian Social Republic", the Nazi puppet regime in the north, flew the plain tricolour as a national flag and had a war flag with an eagle gripping a fasces. The anti-fascist Italian partisans flew either plain tricolours or tricolours with a white or red star on the middle stripe.
green-white-red, crowned coat of arms
Italy
state flag 77 Flown by the government and navy.
black-yellow-red
Belgium
red-white-blue
Netherlands
red-white-azure
Luxembourg
red-yellow-red, coat of arms
Spain
red, white square cross
Switzerland
army flag 88 Flag of the federal army, treated as an unofficial national flag.
red, white nordic cross
Denmark
national flag 99 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
red, white nordic cross, swallowtail cut
Denmark
sovereign flag 1010 Flown by the royal house, the government, and the armed forces. Also granted to a select list of private institutions and companies.
red, white-blue nordic cross, Sweden-Norway union canton
Norway
merchant flag 1111 Allowed to be flown by anyone. The union mark in the top-left corner of the flag was flown on its own as a joint diplomatic flag for Sweden and Norway.
red, white-blue nordic cross, Sweden-Norway union canton, swallowtail cut
Norway
state flag 1212 Flown only on state-owned buildings and naval ships.
blue, yellow nordic cross, Sweden-Norway union mark
Sweden
merchant flag 1313 Allowed to be flown by anyone. The union mark in the top-left corner of the flag was flown on its own as a joint diplomatic flag for Sweden and Norway.
blue, yellow nordic cross, Sweden-Norway union mark, swallowtail cut
Sweden
war flag 1414 Flown on government buildings and by the military.
blue, white cross
Greece
land flag 1515 Flown on land within Greece.
9 blue-white stripes, blue canton containing a white cross
Greece
sea flag 1616 Flown at sea and abroad. The naval ensign had the Wittelsbach coat of arms in the centre of the cross.
red-blue, white cross
Samos
blue, red-white pinwheel saltire outlined in white, red cross outlined in white
United Kingdom
white, red cross
England
blue, white saltire
Scotland
white, red saltire
Jersey
white-blue
San Marino
yellow-white, crossed keys emblem
Papal States
blue-white, coat of arms
Portugal
white-red
Malta
traditional flag 1717 Flown unofficially, mostly by civilian ships.
yellow-red
Andorra
white, coat of arms
Monaco
9 red-yellow stripes
Catalonia
black, white cross
Cornwall
white, black moors head emblem
Corsica
white, red dragon
Wales
green, yellow harp
Ireland
yellow, black lion
Flanders
blue British ensign, red border, yellow winged lion
Ionian Islands

German States


black-red-yellow
German Confederation
white, black eagle
Prussia
royal flag 1818 Flown by the monarchy and government.
white, black eagle and thin black on the top and bottom, swallowtail cut
Prussia
merchant flag 1919 Flown by merchant ships.
black-white
Prussia
state colours 2020 The traditional heraldic colours of Prussia, often used as a flag on land.
black-yellow
Austria
Imperial colours 2121 The dynastic colours of the Hapsburg monarchy, often used as a flag on land.
red-white-red, coat of arms
Austria
naval flag 2222 Flown by merchant and navy ships.
red-white-red, coat of arms
Hesse-Darmstadt
red-white
Hesse-Kassel
state colours 2323 Designated as the official colours of Hesse. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
white-red
Hesse-Homburg
state colours 2424 Designated as the official colours of Hesse. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
white-red, white square, coat of arms
Lübeck
state flag 2525 Flown by the government.
white-red
Lübeck
merchant flag 2626 Flown by merchant ships.
red, white castle
Hamburg
red-white-red-white, white canton, coat of arms
Frankfurt
8 red-white stripes, a counterchanged column towards the left
Bremen 2727 The number of stripes could vary but eight was the most common.
red-yellow, coat of arms
Lippe
princely flag 2828 Flown by the prince and used as a state flag.
red-yellow
Lippe
state colours 2929 Designated as the official colours of Lippe. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
red-yellow
Baden 3030 Designed to be used as a diplomatic flag. Within the grand duchy, flags were made various configurations of red and yellow stripes.
yellow-red
Liechtenstein
princely flag 3131 Flown by the prince, and unofficially as a national flag.
black-yellow
Lauenburg
state colours 3232 Based on the heraldic colours of Saxony. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one. The Danish flag also saw widespread use.
black-red
Württemberg
state colours 3333 Designated as the official colours of Württemberg. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one. Black and yellow flags were also in use around this time.
black-red-yellow
Waldeck-Pyrmont
black-red-yellow
Reuss Elder Line
state colours 3434 Designated as the official colours of Reuss. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
black-red-yellow
Reuss Junior Line
state colours 3535 Designated as the official colours of Reuss. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
black-green-yellow
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
green-white
Saxon Duchies
state colours 3636 Designated as the official colours of the Ernestine duchies in Thuringia: Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
green-white
Anhalt
state colours 3737 Designated as the official colours of Anhalt-Bernburg and Anhalt-Dessau. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
white-green
Saxony
blue-red-white
Schaumburg-Lippe
blue, red cross
Oldenburg
blue-white
Bavaria
state colours 3838 Designated as the official colours of Bavaria. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one. There are many reported variants from the period, some with more stripes, others with the diamond pattern from the Bavarian arms.
white-blue
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
state colours 3939 Designated as the official colours of Schwarzburg. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
blue-white
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
state colours 4040 Designated as the official colours of Schwarzburg. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
blue-yellow
Brunswick
state colours 4141 Designated as the official colours of Brunswick. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
orange-blue-orange
Nassau
red British ensign, white horse in a red rectangle over the jack
Hanover
merchant flag 4242 Flown by merchant ships.
yellow-white
Hanover
state colours 4343 Designated as the official colours of Hanover. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
green-red-white
Heligoland

Eastern Europe


yellow, black two-headed eagle
Russia
Imperial standard 4444 The flag of the Emperor, often regarded as the Russian national flag during the period.
black-yellow-white
Russia
armorial flag 4545 Flown on government buildings, especially military buildings, and as patriotic decoration.
white-blue-red
Russia
trade flag 4646 Flown by merchant ships.
white-blue-red
Carniola
national colours 4747 Designated as the official colours of the Austrian crown land of Carniola. Regarded as the unofficial national flag of Slovenia.
white-blue-red
Slovakia 4848 Flown by advocates of Slovakian independence. The "Upper Hungary" region did not have an official flag.
blue-white
Croatia and Slavonia
red-blue-white
Serbia
national flag 4949 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
red-blue-white, coat of arms and four white six-pointed stars
Serbia
state flag 5050 Flown the government and armed forces.
red-white-green
Hungary 5151 Prohibited within the Austrian Empire but still flown by Hungarian nationalists.
red-yellow-blue
Romania
yellow-blue
Ukraine 5252 Flown by Ukrainian nationalists. The order of colours wasn't fixed.
white-red
Bohemia
state colours 5353 Designated as the official colours of the Austrian crown land of Bohemia. Not an official flag, but informally regarded as a Czech national symbol. A white flag with the Bohemian coat of arms was also sometimes used.
red, white two-headed eagle, yellow lion
Montenegro
batallion flag 5454 Flown by the prince and the military.
red, white eagle
Poland
banner 5555 The former royal banner of Poland, no longer official but still used as an informal national symbol.
green, three crossed black arrows, 7 yellow stars
Circassia

South Asia and the Indian Ocean


orange, two sets of green-white-green-green-white stripes, coat of arms, Urdu inscriptions
Hyderabad
yellow, thick red stripe
Jammu and Kashmir 5656 The maharaja's flag had yellow stripes at the top and bottom.
red double-tailed pennant outlined in green, white moon, white sun
Nepal
red swallowtail with white feet in the top left
Jhabua 5757 The raja's flag was rectangular
red swallowtail, white feet
Dewas
red swallowtail, image of Garuda
Kota
princely flag 5858 Flown by the Maharao and also used as a state flag. The flag was sometimes much longer.
plain red pennant
Maldive Islands
three red triangular pennants
Kishangarh
red triangular pennant
Sailana
two purple triangular pennants, white Hanuman, yellow sun
Ajaigarh 5959 The reverse side of the flag showed a moon and a flower.
purple triangular pennant, yellow sun moon and building
Mewar 6060 Mewar had a number of reported princely banners which were also sometimes used as state flags. The most common one had a large yellow sun and a blue katar dagger.
orange triangular pennant, thick purple border
Porbandar
orange swallowtail
Kolhapur 6161 Kolhapur flew the Maratha saffron banner as a state flag. The maharaja had a diagonally-divided red and orange flag.
orange-yellow striped swallowtail pennant
Dhar
red-white-yellow-green-blue striped triangular pennant
Jaipur
red-green-white-blue-yellow
Alwar
pink-blue-red-yellow-green
Idar
orange-green-red-blue-white
Sirohi
orange-white-red-yellow-green
Jodhpur
orange, yellow sun between two white snakes
Gwalior
princely flag 6262 Flag of the maharaja, also used as a state flag. Plain saffron flags were also sometimes flown.
yellow-red, umbrella
Jaisalmer
red-orange
Bikaner
red, yellow border
Banswara
blue-yellow
Dholpur
orange, yellow sun
Rajpipla
princely flag 6363 Flown by the maharaja and often used as a state flag.
purple-white
Rajpipla
national flag 6464 Allowed to be flown by civilians.
red-white
Indore 6565 Inland river boats flew a triangular pennant in the same colours.
green-red striped pennant, white crescent and star, white swords
Kalat
red, white shell
Travancore
red, white serpent emblem
Manipur
red, white image of Hanuman between two gold weapons
Rajgarh
white, yellow sun
Sitamau 6666 The Raja's flag had a red sun
plain yellow
Bundi
12 red-white stripes
Alirajpur
7 red-white stripes
Khairpur

East and Southeast Asia


white, red circle
Japan
red, white elephant
Siam
red, white and gold elephant
Luang Prabang
blue, white royal emblem
Champassak
white, peacock
Burma
plain white
Kelantan · Perak · Terengganu 6767 Malay monarchs often flew plain white flags. These standards eventually evolved into individual state flags as more colours and symbols were added.
plain white
Jambi
sultan's flag 6868 Flown by the sultan and by naval ships.
blue, white canton
Jambi
nobles' flag 6969 Flown by nobles at sea.
blue, white canton
Jambi
merchant flag 7070 Flown by commoner merchants at sea.
black, white canton
Johor
plain black
Pahang
sultan's flag 7171 Flown by the sultan.
plain yellow
Brunei
sultan's flag 7272 Flown by the sultan and also used as an unofficial state flag.
yellow, two brown flowers
Deli
sultan's flag 7373 Flown by the sultan and also used as an unofficial state flag.
yellow, vertically divided blue-red cross, yellow crown
Sarawak
yellow-red quarters, yellow crescent and star
Selangor
plain red
Kedah
red, white crescent and 8-pointed star
Aceh
national flag 7474 Flown by the government, particularly at sea, as a way of nominally invoking the protection of the Ottoman Empire.
red, white crossed swords, white circle
Aceh
sultan's flag 7575 Flown by the sultan and by warships. There are many other reported flags from the era, and it's not clear exactly how they were all used. Merchant ships often flew a plain red flag.
red-maroon-red
Asahan
purple, ornate white gate, two thin blue-white stripes
Sulu 7676 Reported flag from this era. It's exact use isn't known.

Oceania


red, white crescent, small white star
Samoa
red, white maltese cross
ʻUvea
red-white-red, red maltese cross
Rimatara
red-white-red, French flag outlined in white
Tahiti
red-white-red, three blue stars
Rarotonga
white-blue-white, white star, four blue stars
Mangareva
white-red,
Rurutu
white-red-white
Huahine
5 white-red stripes
Raʻiatea
5 red-white stripes
Bora Bora
four-by-four red-white chequerboard
Tahuata
white-red-blue-white-red-blue-white-red, union jack
Hawaiʻi
white British ensign, blue cross with 5 white 8-pointed stars
Australia
white, red cross, blue canton, white-outlined red cross, four white eight-pointed stars
New Zealand 7777 The former flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand, which remained in use as an unofficial symbol of the country.

North America


13 red-white stripes, blue canton, 34 white stars
United States
white-red, thick blue stripe, white star
Texas
green-white-pink
Newfoundland 7878 An unofficial local flag. The British colony of Newfoundland had no distinctive local symbols.
blue, white infinity symbol
Métis

Latin America


green, yellow diamond, coat of arms
Brazil
green-white-red, eagle and snake symbol
Mexico
red-white-red, coat of arms
Peru
national ensign 7979 Flown by the government, the navy, the national police, and national sports teams. Raised at major ceremonies. The army uses a similar flag with a different coat of arms.
red-white-red
Peru
national flag 8080 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
blue-white-blue, gold sun
Argentina
blue-white-blue, seal
Honduras · Nicaragua · Salvador
9 white-blue stripes, white canton, yellow sun
Uruguay
red-white-blue, star seal
Paraguay
front side
red-white-blue, lion seal
Paraguay
back side
blue-white-red-yellow-red-white-blue, coat of arms
Guatemala
blue-white-red-white-blue,
Costa Rica
national flag 8181 The most common Costa Rican flag. Officially designated for private citizens, but in practice often used on government buildings and schools too.
blue-white-red-white-blue, coat of arms
Costa Rica
national ensign 8282 Flown by the government and by diplomatic missions, although also used sometimes by private citizens.
5 blue-white stripes, red triangle, white star
Cuba 8383 Flown by Cuban nationalists and revolutionaries who sought independence from Spain.
blue-red, white square containing a coat of arms
Haiti
white-red, blue canton, white star
Chile
yellow-blue-red, coat of arms
Venezuela
national ensign 8484 Flown by the Conservative government and its armed forces.
yellow-blue-red
Venezuela
national flag 8585 The second flag of the Conservative government, allowed to be flown by anyone.
yellow-blue-red, 20 blue stars
Venezuela
Federalist flag 8686 Flown by the Federalist Provisional Government based in Coro.
yellow-blue-red
Colombia
yellow-blue-red
Ecuador
red-yellow-green, coat of arms
Bolivia
state flag 8787 Flown by the government and armed forces.
red-yellow-green
Bolivia
national flag 8888 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
red-blue pennat
Santo Domingo
registration ensign 8989 Flown by ships operating out of the Spanish maritime province of Santo Domingo during the country's brief reconquest by Spain.

Events of 1861


NEW GRANADA • Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera seized Bogotá on July 18 and declared himself president. On July 26 he added nine stars to the flag. On September 20, the country's name was changed to Colombia, and a version of the old Gran Colombian flag was adopted. The country's 1863 constitution provided for an eventual reunification with Ecuador and Venezuela that never came to pass.
1834 flag of New Granadaright arrow1861 flag of New Granadaright arrowFlag of Colombia
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC • On March 18, the Dominican Republic was re-annexed by Spain. The new maritime province of Santo Domingo was granted its own flag.
right arrow
ITALY • The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed on March 17. The new state continued using the Sardinian flag.
1861 flag of Italy
MOUNT LEBANON • The autonomous territory of Mount Lebanon was created within the Ottoman Empire on June 9. During this period, the region flew a white flag with a cedar tree.
1861 flag of Mount Lebanon
ROMANIA • On 22 June, the civil flags of Wallachia and Moldavia were dropped in favour of the Romanian tricolour.
right arrow1861 flag of Romania
UNITED STATES • The southern slave-holding states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America on February 8, with the aim of preserving slavery and creating a permanent state of white supremacy. Its first flag (not pictured above) was adopted on March 4, with a ring of seven stars representing the first breakaway states. Over the course of the year, more states joined the Confederacy and more stars were added to the ring, until a final 13-star version was adopted on November 28.
7-star Confederate flagright arrow13-star Confederate flag
Because the flag looked so much like the Stars and Stripes, the Confederacy had to adopt a different Battle Flag with a distinct diagonal cross. This ended up becoming the most popular Confederate symbol. The rectangular version of this flag was revived after the Civil War by segregationists and opponents of the civil rights movement. It remains a potent symbol of racism and white supremacy to this day.
Confederate Battle Flag
Meanwhile, a 34th star (for Kansas) was added to the Union flag on July 4.
33-star United States flagright arrow34-star United States flag

Notes


1 The most commonly reported flag from the period. Flags with green, white and red stripes also seem to have been used. Probably flown exclusively on ships. The Turkish flag was the official national flag.
2 Flown over the palace in Rabat and on ships. Military flags on land were often dectorated with a yellow or green octagram.
3 Arab monarchies, especially those in and around the Gulf, flew plain red flags from their ships. These weren't quite "national flags" in the modern sense, but European powers tended to view them that way.
4 Officially all of the Trucial States were supposed to fly a square red flag with a thick white border. In practice this flag became exclusively associated with the Al Qasimi dynasty. The other states mostly flew plain red flags.
5 Flown by exclusively by the sultan as a symbol of religious authority. Not really a "national flag" as we'd understand it in modern terms. The sultan also gave white flags to his vassal emirs within the Caliphate.
6 Flown by private citizens and merchant ships. The "Italian Social Republic", the Nazi puppet regime in the north, flew the plain tricolour as a national flag and had a war flag with an eagle gripping a fasces. The anti-fascist Italian partisans flew either plain tricolours or tricolours with a white or red star on the middle stripe.
7 Flown by the government and navy.
8 Flag of the federal army, treated as an unofficial national flag.
9 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
10 Flown by the royal house, the government, and the armed forces. Also granted to a select list of private institutions and companies.
11 Allowed to be flown by anyone. The union mark in the top-left corner of the flag was flown on its own as a joint diplomatic flag for Sweden and Norway.
12 Flown only on state-owned buildings and naval ships.
13 Allowed to be flown by anyone. The union mark in the top-left corner of the flag was flown on its own as a joint diplomatic flag for Sweden and Norway.
14 Flown on government buildings and by the military.
15 Flown on land within Greece.
16 Flown at sea and abroad. The naval ensign had the Wittelsbach coat of arms in the centre of the cross.
17 Flown unofficially, mostly by civilian ships.
18 Flown by the monarchy and government.
19 Flown by merchant ships.
20 The traditional heraldic colours of Prussia, often used as a flag on land.
21 The dynastic colours of the Hapsburg monarchy, often used as a flag on land.
22 Flown by merchant and navy ships.
23 Designated as the official colours of Hesse. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
24 Designated as the official colours of Hesse. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
25 Flown by the government.
26 Flown by merchant ships.
27 The number of stripes could vary but eight was the most common.
28 Flown by the prince and used as a state flag.
29 Designated as the official colours of Lippe. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
30 Designed to be used as a diplomatic flag. Within the grand duchy, flags were made various configurations of red and yellow stripes.
31 Flown by the prince, and unofficially as a national flag.
32 Based on the heraldic colours of Saxony. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one. The Danish flag also saw widespread use.
33 Designated as the official colours of Württemberg. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one. Black and yellow flags were also in use around this time.
34 Designated as the official colours of Reuss. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
35 Designated as the official colours of Reuss. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
36 Designated as the official colours of the Ernestine duchies in Thuringia: Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
37 Designated as the official colours of Anhalt-Bernburg and Anhalt-Dessau. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
38 Designated as the official colours of Bavaria. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one. There are many reported variants from the period, some with more stripes, others with the diamond pattern from the Bavarian arms.
39 Designated as the official colours of Schwarzburg. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
40 Designated as the official colours of Schwarzburg. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
41 Designated as the official colours of Brunswick. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
42 Flown by merchant ships.
43 Designated as the official colours of Hanover. Not technically a national flag, but often used as one.
44 The flag of the Emperor, often regarded as the Russian national flag during the period.
45 Flown on government buildings, especially military buildings, and as patriotic decoration.
46 Flown by merchant ships.
47 Designated as the official colours of the Austrian crown land of Carniola. Regarded as the unofficial national flag of Slovenia.
48 Flown by advocates of Slovakian independence. The "Upper Hungary" region did not have an official flag.
49 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
50 Flown the government and armed forces.
51 Prohibited within the Austrian Empire but still flown by Hungarian nationalists.
52 Flown by Ukrainian nationalists. The order of colours wasn't fixed.
53 Designated as the official colours of the Austrian crown land of Bohemia. Not an official flag, but informally regarded as a Czech national symbol. A white flag with the Bohemian coat of arms was also sometimes used.
54 Flown by the prince and the military.
55 The former royal banner of Poland, no longer official but still used as an informal national symbol.
56 The maharaja's flag had yellow stripes at the top and bottom.
57 The raja's flag was rectangular
58 Flown by the Maharao and also used as a state flag. The flag was sometimes much longer.
59 The reverse side of the flag showed a moon and a flower.
60 Mewar had a number of reported princely banners which were also sometimes used as state flags. The most common one had a large yellow sun and a blue katar dagger.
61 Kolhapur flew the Maratha saffron banner as a state flag. The maharaja had a diagonally-divided red and orange flag.
62 Flag of the maharaja, also used as a state flag. Plain saffron flags were also sometimes flown.
63 Flown by the maharaja and often used as a state flag.
64 Allowed to be flown by civilians.
65 Inland river boats flew a triangular pennant in the same colours.
66 The Raja's flag had a red sun
67 Malay monarchs often flew plain white flags. These standards eventually evolved into individual state flags as more colours and symbols were added.
68 Flown by the sultan and by naval ships.
69 Flown by nobles at sea.
70 Flown by commoner merchants at sea.
71 Flown by the sultan.
72 Flown by the sultan and also used as an unofficial state flag.
73 Flown by the sultan and also used as an unofficial state flag.
74 Flown by the government, particularly at sea, as a way of nominally invoking the protection of the Ottoman Empire.
75 Flown by the sultan and by warships. There are many other reported flags from the era, and it's not clear exactly how they were all used. Merchant ships often flew a plain red flag.
76 Reported flag from this era. It's exact use isn't known.
77 The former flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand, which remained in use as an unofficial symbol of the country.
78 An unofficial local flag. The British colony of Newfoundland had no distinctive local symbols.
79 Flown by the government, the navy, the national police, and national sports teams. Raised at major ceremonies. The army uses a similar flag with a different coat of arms.
80 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
81 The most common Costa Rican flag. Officially designated for private citizens, but in practice often used on government buildings and schools too.
82 Flown by the government and by diplomatic missions, although also used sometimes by private citizens.
83 Flown by Cuban nationalists and revolutionaries who sought independence from Spain.
84 Flown by the Conservative government and its armed forces.
85 The second flag of the Conservative government, allowed to be flown by anyone.
86 Flown by the Federalist Provisional Government based in Coro.
87 Flown by the government and armed forces.
88 Allowed to be flown by anyone.
89 Flown by ships operating out of the Spanish maritime province of Santo Domingo during the country's brief reconquest by Spain.